The allure of secret plots and hidden agendas has captivated minds for centuries. From the moon landing hoax to the belief that COVID-19 was a fabricated crisis, conspiracy theories continue to spread like wildfire. But what drives people to embrace these outlandish claims?
Jais Adam-Troian, an assistant professor at Heriot-Watt University Dubai, offers insights into the psychology behind conspiracy theories. According to him, a combination of cognitive, motivational, personality, and mental health factors can influence a person’s susceptibility to such beliefs.
“Conspiracy theories can be more likely to surface in people who have specific personality traits and cognitive biases. On average, people who believe in pseudoscience, have paranoid or schizotypal symptoms, lower cognitive ability, or are narcissistic are more likely to believe in conspiracy theories,” Adam-Troian explained.
Beyond individual psychology, societal factors also play a role. “Conspiracy theories are more accepted in countries with low levels of democracy, high unemployment, and where institutions are perceived as untrustworthy,” he added.
In times of crisis, when uncertainty and fear prevail, conspiracy theories can offer a false sense of control. “Conspiracy beliefs can serve as a coping mechanism for individuals struggling to regulate their negative emotions, especially in times of crisis,” Adam-Troian observed.
The expert also highlighted the dangers of such beliefs. “Conspiracy beliefs decrease trust in authorities and democracy. Conspiracy beliefs about the Covid-19 vaccine are likely to have caused excess mortality from the pandemic, observable primarily among Republicans in the US,” he warned.
While the allure of secret knowledge can be strong, it’s essential to critically evaluate information and rely on credible sources. Understanding the psychological and societal underpinnings of conspiracy theories can help us to protect ourselves and our communities from their harmful effects.
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